In this article, we would like to study Piaget’s Piaget Cognitive development theory. According to Piaget cognitive development theory development is a discontinuous process because it happens in various stages. Piaget was a cognitivist psychologist of Switzerland. He gave the theory of cognitive development, and this theory deals with the intellectual development of children and suggest how intelligence of a children changes as the children grows. He posited that children are active constructor of knowledge and little scientist.
Contents
INTRODUCTION
The growth, behavior and thinking level of children develops from one stage to next stage and these stages follows a set pattern. Each next stage only occurs when the previous one is completed.
This theory posited that a child has lots of knowledge when he comes to school ( while various behaviorism psychologist said that a child is just like an empty vessel ) and achieves the maximum intelligence development in the age of 14 and 15 years.
ELEMENTS OF COGNITIVE THEORY
(A) Maturation
(B) Experience
(C) Social interaction
(D) Equilibrium (Adaption)
There are two types of Adaption:
1.Assimilation
- Accommodation
Assimilation:
The process of transferring, adding, or fitting any new knowledge to the existing schemas (information storage) is called assimilation.
The new information, which you didn’t know earlier, is transferred to your schema through an assimilation process.
Accommodation:
The process of updating, manipulating, / modifying existing information is called accommodation.
If there is an update or modification in the information that you knew earlier that is done in your schema, then it is called the accommodation process.
According to Jean Piaget theory, there are four stages of cognitive development, which are as follows:
(A) Sensory motor stage (0-2 years)
(B) pre-operational stage. (2-7 years)
(C) concrete operational stage. (7-11 years)
(D) Abstract operational stage or formal operational stage (11-15 years)
(A) Sensory motor stage:
- 0-2 years
- Sensitive period
- Understanding through sensory experiences
- Motor action
- goal-directed behavior
- Object permanence
- Language used for demands
(B) Pre-operational stage:
- 2-7 years
- Lack of logical ability
- Learn through symbolic thought
- Centration
- Ecocentrism
- High curiosity
- Less conservation
- No idea of reversibility
- Animism
(C) Concrete operational stage:
- 7-11 years
- Having idea of reversibility
- Inducive thinking starts
- Decentration concept
- Conservation concept
- Logical ability about concrete object
- Ability to classify objects
- Knowledge of conservation
- Know the concept of seriation
(D) Abstract/ Formal operational stage:
- 11-15 years
- Able to understand concepts
- Having idea of invisible object
- Abstract logical ability
- Know the concept of hypothetical reasoning
- Deductive thinking starts
Criticisms of Piaget theory:
- He performed his experiment on his own children.
- He underestimated the capabilities of children, mainly in pre operational stage.
- This theory does not focus on the children above 15 years.
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MCQ ON PIAGET’S COGNITIVE THEORY:
Q.1. Cognitive development theory is given by ?
i. Jean Piaget
ii. Bruner
iii. Watson
iv. Pavlov
i). Jean Piaget
Q.2. Which one of the following is a Cognitivist psychologist?
i. Thorndike
ii. B.F. skinner
iii. Watson
iv. Jean Piaget
iv). Jean Piaget
Q.3. Ram is a child who has begun to use symbols to represent object. According to Jean Piaget cognitive development theory, the child is in which stage of development?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii). Pre operational stage
Q.4. The process of updation in stored information of schema is called?
i. Assimilation
ii. Accommodation
iii. Equilibrium
iv. Maturation
ii). Accommodation
Q.5 According to Jean Piaget Theory in which of following stage a child start inductive thinking?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
iii). Concrete stage
Q.6 Which of the following stage of Jean Piaget theory is criticized for underestimating the capabilities of a child?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii).Pre operational stage
Q.7 Object permanence is found in which of the following stage of Jean Piaget Theory?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
i).Sensory motor stage
Q.8 According to Jean Piaget development is a/an
i. Continuous Process
ii. Discontinuous process
iii. Can be both continuous and discontinuous process
iv. linear process
ii). Discontinuous process
Q.9 in reference to children learning, Jean Piaget focus on ?
i. Reinforcement
ii. Stimulus response
iii. Drill and practice
iv. Maturation
iv).Maturation
Q.10 in Piaget cognitive development theory, a process in which a child transform and modify her schema to make sense of experience is called?
i. Assimilation
ii. Accommodation
iii. Equilibrium
iv. Maturation
ii).Accommodation
Q.11 when a child transform his experience to fit into his existing schema, is called?
i. Assimilation
ii. Accommodation
iii. Equilibrium
iv. Maturation
i). Assimilation
Q.12 Symbolic thought is developed in which of the following stage of development according to Jean Piaget cognitive development theory?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii).Pre operational stage
Q.13 According to Jean Piaget cognitive development theory, which of the following is most important for cognitive development?
i. Observation of the environment
ii. Reinforcement by elder
iii. Active exploration of the surroundings
iv. Condition of stimulus and response
iii). Active exploration of the surroundings
Q14. According to Jean Piaget Theory in which of following stage a child start deductive thinking?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
iv). Abstract stage
Q.15 A child goes to school and while coming back to home he forgets the way. According to Jean Piaget the child may be in which of the following stage of the development?
i. Conventional stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii). Pre operational stage
Q.16 A student start thinking logically about only visible things and unable to create concept about invisible object. According to Jean Piaget the child may be in which of the following stage of the development?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete operational stage
iv. Abstract stage
iii)Concrete operational stage
Q.17 A student is unable to seriate the object according to their shape and size. According to Jean Piaget the child may be in which of the following stage of the development?
i. Conventional stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii). Pre operational stage
Q.18 Which of the following is not a criticism of Jean Piaget cognitive development theory?
i. He performed his experiment on his own children.
ii. He underestimated the capabilities of children mainly in pre operational stage.
iii. This theory does not focus on the children above 15 years.
iv. He considered the child as an inactive and like an empty vessel.
iv).He considered the child as an inactive and like an empty vessel
Q.19 Egocentrism, Animism, Irreversibility and centration are the properties of the which of the following stage according to Jean Piaget cognitive development theory?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii). Pre operational stage
Q.20 a child use to drink milk in a glass. One day his mother gives him milk in the bowl. After seeing the milk in the bowl, he starts crying and asks the milk in the glass. According to Jean Piaget the child is in which of the following stage of the development?
i. Sensory motor stage
ii. Pre operational stage
iii. Concrete stage
iv. Abstract stage
ii). Pre operational stage